Wednesday, July 29, 2020
Doogie Howser, et al.
Doogie Howser, et al. After questions about homeschooling, one of the most frequent special case questions I get is about younger students looking to apply. Often, phone calls about this to the Office will be routed to me, since I graduated high school a year early, and had a few friends at MIT who came in at age 16 or 15. Younger students are not a huge population at most colleges as at MIT, but each year we do admit, after careful review, a number of early- and mid-teenagers, those who, even though young, would truly be a significant part of this community. While entering college/MIT at a younger age is not the right course for most students, for a select few it is exactly the right course of action. Most of these students are coming from areas where there are not enough resources, and they have just plain run out of opportunities. Some of these students families will move to another district with more opportunities; some will send the student to a boarding school to finish high school; but sometimes, applying to college is what makes the most sense. With these students applications, well for the most part treat them as any other application, but we will ask a few additional questions: Why is this student applying to college now? Have they exhausted all of their resources? Do the teachers support this decision? Does this student have the emotional and social maturity to be a successful college/MIT student? Ill be happy to answer any questions left in the comments about this or any other topic in my next Questions Omnibus, when I return from Asia. I was reminded of the topic by an interesting article, entitled Outside the Norm, in this months MIT News section of Technology Review. Ill print some of it below, with a link to the full article at the bottom. Each year, a handful of underage teenagers are among MITs incoming students. The university takes no initiative to court them, but anywhere from one to five, ranging in age from 14 to 16, join the MIT community annually. What do these wunderkinder look like, talk like, act like? Do they spend all night sweating bullets over their laptops, or do they just lounge around their dorms effortlessly completing multiple homework assignments at once? Do they play chess blindfolded? Can they go a whole night speaking only in palindromes? These questions are hard to answer, because if theres any trait these students share, its the desire to blend into have their age be about as relevant as their eye color. Their birth dates matter far more to us than to them. No one knows this more than senior associate dean for students Robert Randolph. We try to be aware of these students, but the one thing we keep running up against is that they want to be treated just like everyone else, says Randolph. Conscious efforts to do things over the years, like have a support group, havent gone over well. We just monitor them from a distance and try not to be obtrusive. [MIT junior Drew] Reese, in particular, has blended in nicely. In addition to her duties as soda machine master, shes also on the fencing team. Last year, she made the conference all-star team. Other young students have had equal success blending in outside the classroom. Last year, as a 17-year-old freshman, Nivair (Nina) Gabriel spent her Friday afternoons meeting with the MIT Writers Group, where shes revising the 200-page novel she wrote at 14. Seventeen-year-old freshman Derric Tay was a member of the Tech Squares, MITs square-dancing club. And this past spring, if you happened to wander past a classroom and overhear a young man teaching a for-credit seminar on poverty and HIV in Africa, that was 17-year-old sophomore Raja Bobbili. [] The students wide range of interests and activities perhaps explains why Randolphs support group has never gotten off the ground: its would-be members appear to have little, if any, trouble adjusting. Talk to them, and you dont get the feeling that they are somehow overdeveloped kids coping with the shell shock of being plopped into a world theyre ill equipped to handle. Rather, the ease and the excitement with which theyve acclimated to MIT lead to a rather unexpected question: what took them so long to get there? [Continue reading Outside the Norm]
Friday, May 22, 2020
Strategies For Preventing Guns From The Streets Of New Haven
For years, people in New Haven have been brainstorming strategies to help prevent gun violence in the communities. With the identifying the factors contributing to gun violence, community organizers have come up with strategies that are specifically related to them. The main priority is to completely remove guns from the streets of New Haven. Right now, there are two gun buy back programs in New Haven that are lead by Yale New haven Hospital and the New Haven Police Department (City-Wide). The purpose of this program is for people to turn in un-registered guns and receive money in return. Some argue that the gun buy-back program does not prevent gun violence because they are taking guns from law abiding citizens who would never use them in a crime and do not reach those who are likely to use them in a crime (Cameron). In New Haven, guns in the streets travel from people to people and at some point, it can fall into the hands of a person who is anticipating on shooting someone. That i s all that it takes. One of the most successful gun buy-back programs held in new Haven was August 6, 2016. That day, The New Haven Police Department was able to retrieve one hundred and twenty-seven operable firearms. They took in eighty-five handguns, thirty-eight rifles and shotguns and four assault weapons (Wilkins). In the past five years, the New Haven Police Department has collected over five hundred guns from the gun buyââ¬âback programs. Going along with the strategy to remove guns off ofShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay: Why the US Should Not Ban Gun Control2961 Words à |à 12 PagesWhy the U.S. should not ban gun control I. Introduction There is presently much controversy regarding the U.S. and its position concerning gun control. With recent events such as the Newtown, Connecticut (a mass shooting involving 29 persons shot dead) dominating media devices, the public has become agitated concerning gun laws. The fact that these legislations provided an environment where guns can be used by a series of controversial individuals triggered alarm and influenced the masses to lobbyRead MoreWilliam Bratton and the Nypd12122 Words à |à 49 Pagesrev. february 12, 2008 William Bratton and the NYPD Crime Control through Middle Management Reform Andrea R. Nagy1 Joel Podolny2 William Bratton, commissioner of the New York Police Department from 1994 to 1996, presided over a dramatic decline in the cityââ¬â¢s crime rate. Hired by Mayor Rudolph Giuliani as part of a new crime fighting initiative, Bratton embraced the ââ¬Å"broken windowsâ⬠theory that had made him so successful as chief of the cityââ¬â¢s transit police. According to this theory, whenRead MoreToni Morrison and Historical Memory5014 Words à |à 21 Pageschallenge of setting the record straight to strengthen and heal their own cultures. Unfortunately, many minorities are ambivalent because they vacillate between assimilation (thereby losing their separateness and cultural uniqueness) and segregation from the dominant culture. To decide whether to assimilate, it is essential for minorities to understand themselves as individuals and as a race. Mainstream United States history has dealt with the past of the dominant culture forgetting about equally importantRead MoreDollar to Fall a s World Currency12311 Words à |à 50 Pagesour firm because of the work we did over the last several years ââ¬â helping investors avoid the big disasters associated with Wall Street s collapse. We warned investors to avoid Fannie and Freddie, Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers and General Motors and dozens of other companies that have since collapsed. We even helped our subscribers find opportunities to profit from these moves by shorting stocks and buying put options. To my knowledge, no other research firm in the world can match our recordRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words à |à 382 Pages The apocalypse happened so fast. In less than a month, monsters infested every part of this world. People panicked, people died. They clawed at each other just to get out of all the infested areas around the world. There was problem about fleeing from infested areas. Everywhere was infested. There was no where anyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its dead wrong. War at least has some organization to it. What was faced in the lastRead MoreTerrorism in Southeast Asia17760 Words à |à 72 Pagesit essentially is no longer a regional organization, but rather is one confined to Indonesia, with some individuals still operating in the southern Philippines. The degrading of JIââ¬â¢s leadership structure is believed to have altered the groupââ¬â¢s strategy. More violent, anti-Western JI members have formed breakaway cells. In September 2009, Indonesian authorities claimed they had killed the leader of one such cell, Noordin Mohammed Top. Noordin is believed to have been responsible for organizingRead MoreSSD2 Module 4 Notes Essay28478 Words à |à 114 Pagesemotions must be understood in the context of the whole culture in which they occur. Culture shock Culture shock is the feelings of alienation, hostility, heightened ethnocentrism, sense of loss, depression and/or self doubt that may result from immersion in a new culture. Subcultures Subcultures are groups within complex cultures who share the basic cultural outlook of the larger culture, but have significant differences. Worldview Worldview is the primary lens available to members of a culture, throughRead MoreInside the Meltdown49737 Words à |à 199 Pagesthere, and there was a risk premium being charged for the credit that was being extended. And that was particularly true in the mortgage markets. ... Most of the really weak underwriting occurred in loans that were packaged in securitizations by Wall Street and then sold off to private investors. So we bought a database that included these loans to try to get a handle on how bad the situation was. And it was pretty frightening what we saw, especially with the subprime market, these very, very steep paymentRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words à |à 656 PagesAutotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam WineburgRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words à |à 160 Pagescountries. Economic institutions determine the incentives of and the constraints on economic actors, and shape economic outcomes. As such, they are social decisions, chosen for their consequences. Because different groups and individuals typically benefit from different economic institutions, there is generally a conflict over these social choices, ultimately resolved in favor of groups with greater political power. The distribution of political power in society is in turn determined by political institutions
Saturday, May 9, 2020
What Is So Fascinating About Term Papers?
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Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Good Night Motel Case Free Essays
When making his decision, McGregor should consider seriously the negative consequences that his business will experience if he refuses Alwardââ¬â¢s offer to fill the motel for the two weekend nights in October, at half the room rate. If McGregor refuses, during that weekend his motel will be at his usual capacity of less than quarter full. With the church group there, paying half the rate, it will be as if the motel were half-full! In addition, if he refuses, McGregorââ¬â¢s reputation in the community will suffer, and he will also lose all future business from Alwardââ¬â¢s group and other church groups, at regular price. We will write a custom essay sample on Good Night Motel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently, Justin McGregor should accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer but under the following two conditions: one, guest service will be limited so that McGregor can lower his costs; two, this is a special one-time deal that will never happen again for Alward or anyone else. The quantitative factors involved dictate that McGregor should accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer for accommodations for his church group, at half the room rate, for Friday and Saturday, October 26 and 27. According to the facts of the case, pre-2008, from October 16 to May 14, the motel was rarely more than a quarter full at any time while post-2008, the motelââ¬â¢s occupancy rates fell 7 to 15 percent year round. In other words, if McGregor refuses Alwardââ¬â¢s offer, during that weekend, the motel will be at its usual capacity of less than quarter full. However, with the church group there, paying half the rate, it will be as if the motel were half-full! Half-full is better than less than a quarter full, so logic dictates that McGregor must accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer. There will be more guests occupying all rooms at half the rate than if there were regular guests paying the regular price and filling fewer than a quarter of the motelââ¬â¢s rooms. However, this fact means that service costs and maintenance cost will be higher with Alwardââ¬â¢s group than with regular customers. In other words, with the motel being at full capacity, McGregorââ¬â¢s maintenance and cleaning staff will be a lot busier than usual, servicing a motel at full capacity. Paying for the maintenance and cleaning of all rooms at the motel will further decrease the amount of money that McGregor will make from Alwardââ¬â¢s group. In other words, in strict quantitative terms, Alwardââ¬â¢s offer is a bad idea for McGregor. However, in the small resort community where the motel is located, quantitative factors are not everything. McGregor will suffer all sorts of negative consequences from church groups and other members of the community if he refuses Alwardââ¬â¢s offer. Therefore, the prudent thing to do is to accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer with two conditions. The opportunity cost In fact, McGregor should accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer but under the following two conditions: one, guest service will be limited so that McGregor can lower his costs; two, this is a special one-time deal that will never happen again for Alward or anyone else. Considering that McGregor and his wife run the motel, which is their source of livelihood, these two conditions are reasonable. In addition, McGregor should make sure to ask Alward to impress upon his church group that the fact they are paying half the regular motel price means that the church group will receive half the regular service! This means that the church group guests must be clean and tidy, and they must not depend on the motelââ¬â¢s maintenance people. In theory, none of this should be a problem, especially with a group of church people, who are supposed to be kind, understanding, cooperative, and so on. In any case, the fact that the church group will stay for only two days means that they most likely wonââ¬â¢t make huge messes, so McGregor will not have to pay his cleaning crew to repair. In addition, the church group guests will probably spend most of their time during the day at the church and go to the motel mostly to sleep. All these facts are only fair to McGregor, whose livelihood depends on that motel, at a time of a weak national economy. Being ââ¬Å"a good manâ⬠(p. 3), Alward must surely understand all these facts. As a result, if I were McGregor, I would respectfully explain all these facts to Alward, appeal to his sense of fairness, and ask for his cooperation. The qualitative factors that McGregor should consider have to do with Grand Bend, which is a small resort community. Refusing to accommodate a church group would bring negative publicity to the Good Night Motel. As a result, McGregor will lose all future business (at regular prices) from Alwardââ¬â¢s church group and most likely from other church groups, too. In fact, besides being a good man, Alward is ââ¬Å"well respected in the communityâ⬠(p. 3). This fact means that McGregor should do all he can to develop a good working relationship with Alward, who will bring more church groups in the future. If Alward asks for the half-price rate again in the future, McGregor will be in a much better position to refuse. The community people will not be as critical then (in the future, if Alward asks for the half-price deal again) as if they will be if McGregor refuses Alwardââ¬â¢s first request. In other words, the resort community is too small for McGregor to decide solely based on the numbers. Reputation is very important in such communities, especially when church people are concerned. They tend to travel and spread the news about which businesses are customer-centered and which are money-centered, to put the matter simply. In general, when making a decision, managers need to consider the opportunity cost, which according to our textbook ââ¬Å"is the sacrifice of the best alternative for a given action. An (accounting) expense is a cost incurred to generate a revenueâ⬠(p. 24). Since this is a small town, and the church group will stay for only two days, the opportunity cost will bring more customers for the future. In addition, managers must consider the marginal cost, which according to our textbook ââ¬Å"is the cost of producing one more unitâ⬠(p.28). In terms of cleaning the pool, it will not have an effect since most of the time people will spend in the church, and the only time they will spend in the Good Night Motel is night time only for sleeping purposes. As a result, the only additional cost to accommodate the guess is the cleaning service of the rooms. In addition, McGregor must consider his fixed cost, which is a cost that does not change with an increase or decrease in the amount of goods or services produced. In the final analysis, the fact that Alward is a good man who enjoys the communityââ¬â¢s respect and the fact that he works with churches (a central institution in small communities) mean that McGregor canââ¬â¢t afford to refuse to work with Alward. Even if McGregor breaks even, he should still accommodate the church group. If he doesnââ¬â¢t accommodate it, he will suffer all sorts of negative consequences: loss of future business from church groups at regular price, bad publicity in a small resort community, and so on. In other words, the big picture (quantitative factors) is more important in this case. How to cite Good Night Motel Case, Papers
Good Night Motel Case Free Essays
When making his decision, McGregor should consider seriously the negative consequences that his business will experience if he refuses Alwardââ¬â¢s offer to fill the motel for the two weekend nights in October, at half the room rate. If McGregor refuses, during that weekend his motel will be at his usual capacity of less than quarter full. With the church group there, paying half the rate, it will be as if the motel were half-full! In addition, if he refuses, McGregorââ¬â¢s reputation in the community will suffer, and he will also lose all future business from Alwardââ¬â¢s group and other church groups, at regular price. We will write a custom essay sample on Good Night Motel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently, Justin McGregor should accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer but under the following two conditions: one, guest service will be limited so that McGregor can lower his costs; two, this is a special one-time deal that will never happen again for Alward or anyone else. The quantitative factors involved dictate that McGregor should accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer for accommodations for his church group, at half the room rate, for Friday and Saturday, October 26 and 27. According to the facts of the case, pre-2008, from October 16 to May 14, the motel was rarely more than a quarter full at any time while post-2008, the motelââ¬â¢s occupancy rates fell 7 to 15 percent year round. In other words, if McGregor refuses Alwardââ¬â¢s offer, during that weekend, the motel will be at its usual capacity of less than quarter full. However, with the church group there, paying half the rate, it will be as if the motel were half-full! Half-full is better than less than a quarter full, so logic dictates that McGregor must accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer. There will be more guests occupying all rooms at half the rate than if there were regular guests paying the regular price and filling fewer than a quarter of the motelââ¬â¢s rooms. However, this fact means that service costs and maintenance cost will be higher with Alwardââ¬â¢s group than with regular customers. In other words, with the motel being at full capacity, McGregorââ¬â¢s maintenance and cleaning staff will be a lot busier than usual, servicing a motel at full capacity. Paying for the maintenance and cleaning of all rooms at the motel will further decrease the amount of money that McGregor will make from Alwardââ¬â¢s group. In other words, in strict quantitative terms, Alwardââ¬â¢s offer is a bad idea for McGregor. However, in the small resort community where the motel is located, quantitative factors are not everything. McGregor will suffer all sorts of negative consequences from church groups and other members of the community if he refuses Alwardââ¬â¢s offer. Therefore, the prudent thing to do is to accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer with two conditions. The opportunity cost In fact, McGregor should accept Alwardââ¬â¢s offer but under the following two conditions: one, guest service will be limited so that McGregor can lower his costs; two, this is a special one-time deal that will never happen again for Alward or anyone else. Considering that McGregor and his wife run the motel, which is their source of livelihood, these two conditions are reasonable. In addition, McGregor should make sure to ask Alward to impress upon his church group that the fact they are paying half the regular motel price means that the church group will receive half the regular service! This means that the church group guests must be clean and tidy, and they must not depend on the motelââ¬â¢s maintenance people. In theory, none of this should be a problem, especially with a group of church people, who are supposed to be kind, understanding, cooperative, and so on. In any case, the fact that the church group will stay for only two days means that they most likely wonââ¬â¢t make huge messes, so McGregor will not have to pay his cleaning crew to repair. In addition, the church group guests will probably spend most of their time during the day at the church and go to the motel mostly to sleep. All these facts are only fair to McGregor, whose livelihood depends on that motel, at a time of a weak national economy. Being ââ¬Å"a good manâ⬠(p. 3), Alward must surely understand all these facts. As a result, if I were McGregor, I would respectfully explain all these facts to Alward, appeal to his sense of fairness, and ask for his cooperation. The qualitative factors that McGregor should consider have to do with Grand Bend, which is a small resort community. Refusing to accommodate a church group would bring negative publicity to the Good Night Motel. As a result, McGregor will lose all future business (at regular prices) from Alwardââ¬â¢s church group and most likely from other church groups, too. In fact, besides being a good man, Alward is ââ¬Å"well respected in the communityâ⬠(p. 3). This fact means that McGregor should do all he can to develop a good working relationship with Alward, who will bring more church groups in the future. If Alward asks for the half-price rate again in the future, McGregor will be in a much better position to refuse. The community people will not be as critical then (in the future, if Alward asks for the half-price deal again) as if they will be if McGregor refuses Alwardââ¬â¢s first request. In other words, the resort community is too small for McGregor to decide solely based on the numbers. Reputation is very important in such communities, especially when church people are concerned. They tend to travel and spread the news about which businesses are customer-centered and which are money-centered, to put the matter simply. In general, when making a decision, managers need to consider the opportunity cost, which according to our textbook ââ¬Å"is the sacrifice of the best alternative for a given action. An (accounting) expense is a cost incurred to generate a revenueâ⬠(p. 24). Since this is a small town, and the church group will stay for only two days, the opportunity cost will bring more customers for the future. In addition, managers must consider the marginal cost, which according to our textbook ââ¬Å"is the cost of producing one more unitâ⬠(p.28). In terms of cleaning the pool, it will not have an effect since most of the time people will spend in the church, and the only time they will spend in the Good Night Motel is night time only for sleeping purposes. As a result, the only additional cost to accommodate the guess is the cleaning service of the rooms. In addition, McGregor must consider his fixed cost, which is a cost that does not change with an increase or decrease in the amount of goods or services produced. In the final analysis, the fact that Alward is a good man who enjoys the communityââ¬â¢s respect and the fact that he works with churches (a central institution in small communities) mean that McGregor canââ¬â¢t afford to refuse to work with Alward. Even if McGregor breaks even, he should still accommodate the church group. If he doesnââ¬â¢t accommodate it, he will suffer all sorts of negative consequences: loss of future business from church groups at regular price, bad publicity in a small resort community, and so on. In other words, the big picture (quantitative factors) is more important in this case. How to cite Good Night Motel Case, Papers
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
The Unity of the Twelve Minor Prophets free essay sample
The Book of the twelve Minor Prophets is more than a collection of miscellaneous prophetic materials. The twelve books of the Minor Prophets function as a unified literary work. The trend in modern biblical scholarship is to treat the Book of the Twelve as twelve distinct prophetic compositions that have relatively little to do with each other apart from having been placed in the same collection. Despite these claims, the literary work of the twelve Minor Prophets remains a multifaceted composition that functions in concert in all Jewish and Christian versions of the Bible. The unity of the book plays out simultaneously as a single prophetic book and as a collection of twelve individual prophetic books revealing overriding elements of unity that if carefully examined would lead to a better understanding of the Old Testament. The Book of the Twelve is counted as one book in the Hebrew canon. Some scholars say, ââ¬Å"The purpose of placing all of this material in one scroll is to make a balance in the Hebrew prophetic canon between the four books of the former prophets (Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings), and the four books of the latter prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve). We will write a custom essay sample on The Unity of the Twelve Minor Prophets or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â⬠People need balance in their lives but there is a much larger message throughout the grand narrative of scripture that regardless of the balancing of material must find its way into the communities of Yahwehââ¬â¢s people and that message finds its way regardless of the arrangement of books. Many others knew of the book of the Twelve as one book. In the Jewish tradition the Book of the Twelve was identified as tere asar, Aramaic for ââ¬Å"The Twelve,â⬠and in Christian tradition as oi dodeka prohetai, or ton dodekaprophton, Greek for the ââ¬Å"Twelve Prophets. â⬠The apocryphal Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach, ââ¬Å"Ecclesiasticusâ⬠in the 2nd century B. C. E refers in Sir 49:10 to ââ¬Å"the bones of the twelve prophets,â⬠suggesting that ben Sirach knew of the Twelve as one book. Flavius Joseph, a 1st century C. E. Jewish historian also considered the Twelve to be one book. Similarly, 4 Ezra 14:41 counts the Twelve among the twenty-four holy books transcribed by Ezra. Origen, the second-third century Church father counts twenty-two Jewish books of the Old Testament but names only twenty-one leaving many to conclude that he considered the Twelve to be a single book. As well, the Talmudic tradition considers the Twelve to be one book. In the Christian tradition, most always the Twelve Prophets are grouped together, but counted as twelve individually authored books among thirty-nine other books of the Old Testament. The first century C. E. Bishop Melito of Sardis refers to the Twelve as ton dodeka en monobibioi, ââ¬Å"The Twelve in one book,â⬠(Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History iv. 26). The term ââ¬Å"Minor Prophets,â⬠Prohetae minors in Latin, first appears in Latin Christian Patristic sources, such as the work of Augustine (City of God 18:29), and refers to the relative length of the individual works of the Twelve prophets when compared to the larger books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel. Apparently the term refers to the Twelve as both a collection and as individual works. â⬠ââ¬Å"No common material binds the twelve together; they simply stand according to the order presupposed by the version of the Bible in which they appear, but they invariably function together as one book. Within the various versions of the Book of the Twelve a great deal of fluidity is revealed in the arrangement of the individual books. According to the Masoretic Text, the Jewish version of the Book of the Twelve, each of the twelve individual books- Hosea; Joel; Amos; Obadiah; Jonah; Micah; Nahum; Habakkuk; Zephaniah; Haggai; Zechariah; and Malachi begin with their own authorization or narrative introduction identifying the prophet and usually provides details toward the historical setting, literary characteristics, or the overall interests of the book. In this way, individual books are clearly distinguished from the others in the overall framework of the Twelve. The book of the twelve prophets deviates from the normal literary compositions of everyday read versions of the Bible. The Greek Septuagint (LXX) has represented the basis for the Old Testament canon from the earliest times of the Church. The earliest manuscripts of the LXX, Codex Vaticanus, and Codex Sinaiticus dating to the fourth century, along with later LXX manuscripts appear to have the same order for the Twelve. The scrolls of the Twelve found in the Judean Wilderness, those from Qumran cave 4, and later Christian versions of the Bible display the Twelve Prophets in the same order as the MT. Only after the destruction of the second Temple were variations of the Twelve Prophets beginning to surface, however there is no evidence that these represent an authoritative sequence from antiquity. The issue of dealing with the Twelve Prophets as one book is as much a mystery as it is a rare subject of study. My argument will now proceed from the Book of the Twelve as a single prophetic book to the elements that reveal an overall unity of the message and themes. It is instructive to note how prophecy has been treated in the past so questions can arise about future interpretation. In this way the old can inform the new. â⬠Scholarship from the last century dealing with prophecy has taught that all types of criticism recognize the historical fact of the form of the twelve. They also note that the twelve were considered a single book by the ancient Church, and pose that the date of the books and catchwords in the books explain in some ways the present arrangement. Unfortunately for these scholars no convincing theory exists of how, or if, the twelve books function as one unified, canonical construction. After a broad sweep of comparisons, form critics and rhetorical analysis offers some hope to one searching for unity of the Twelve Prophets because both methods assume the importance of the written text. Predominantly studies on the twelve have focused on their diversity rather than their unity. Much stress has been placed on the many elements that combined to give us the canonical text that we posses instead of the canonical text itself. Two other methodologies offer hope for discovering unity in the twelve first, canonical criticism because it asks the right questions to discover unity. The second, literary criticism, provides the actual means of uncovering unity. After much research it would appear that the work done on the prophets has been quite exhaustive. The unity of the Twelve Prophets remains an unsolved critical question, perhaps because it remains unexplored. If we could better understand the unifying message of the prophets we could explain how the community of faith dealt with prophecy and how it affected them. We would discover the Twelve to be not-so Minor Prophets after all thereby improving the academy and the Church. ââ¬Å"Having been treated to the wealth of the preaching material in The Twelve, however I realized there was still more to say. Indeed the riches of the word of God to be found in the Minor Prophetsââ¬â¢ writings are almost inexhaustible. â⬠There common themes that are weaved throughout The Book of the Twelve as revealed in both the MT and the LXX that serve to reveal the unifying message of the ââ¬Å"Minorâ⬠Prophets. Neither the LXX nor the MT version of the Book of the Twelve is clearly arranged in chronological order. Both sequences, nevertheless, appear to represent concerns with the punishment of both Israel and Judah during the monarchic period and with the restoration of Jerusalem and the Temple in the post exilic period. It is important to note that both version begin with Hosea, wich metaphorically portrays YHWH as a husband who divorces His bride Israel to demonstrate the interruption of their relationship as Israel is destroyed by the Assyrians in the eight century B.C. E. Both versions end with Malachi, who states that YHWH hates divorce and calls upon His people to hold firm to the covenant as YHWHââ¬â¢s messenger approaches. The theme Day of YHWH as a day of punishment for both Israel/Judah and the nations when YHWHââ¬â¢s sovereignty is manifested at Zion permeates the books of Twelve Prophets in each version as well. Some scholars raise questions concerning the diachronic formations pointing to the differences in hermeneutical and sequencing perspectives in the two versions. The Masoretic version of the Book of the Twelve arranges the individual books in a sequence that emphasizes reflection on the fate of Jerusalem from the latter half of the monarchic period when the Assyrian empire began to threaten the region, and finally through the time of the Persian period restoration. To a certain degree the Book of the Twelve engage in debate with Isaiah, which offers a similar reflection. Isaiah envisions one particular fate for Israel and the Book of the Twelve envisions another position. Such differing opinions point to the fundamental role of dialogue among the various prophetic books, namely the prophets do not speak with a monolithic voice. Instead, they express a variety of viewpoints in their attempts to discern divine purpose in the world of human experiences. â⬠The Twelve Minor Prophets are arranged as a unified literary work. If one possess at least a basic understanding of the prophetic genre then the pieces that make a literary piece a coherent construction- the structure, plot, characterization, and narration of The Twelve clearly reveal an operative nity. The structure and plot present the story the characters give that story life, and the narrative framework provides an audience of which the story was intended. The Twelve Prophets didnââ¬â¢t choose their messages by chance or as a matter of convenience. The prophets declare an urgent message of sin, judgment, and restoration in a unique way. Some of the Minor Prophets have all of these themes in their messages while others display one or more but not all. In The Twelve Prophets those that portray some but not all the traits combine with other books to reveal the prophetic warnings and promises. The way the Twelve Prophets use imitation or narration for example displays conscious effort to deliver a specific message. The evident unity in literary design of the twelve books reveals a high possibility that unity exists in other spheres as well, such as the structure, and plot. None of the books vary from the accepted notions of prophecy, whether notions from neither major nor minor prophets, nor do any of the Twelve Prophets depart significantly from the basic literary form. The unity within the Book of the Twelve that has been argued for comes from the oft neglected ââ¬Å"Minorâ⬠prophets. These Prophets are Godââ¬â¢s narrator agents who have captured for their readers the intentions of the Lord, the author behind the whole book. Our task is to pay close attention the words spoken. ââ¬Å"Through the words of his historians and prophets, psalmist and wisdom teachers, priests and lawgivers, God has formed our faith, instructed our piety in proper reverence and awe, awakened our expectations of his working, and bent our wills to his desires and goals.
Friday, March 20, 2020
Film Review on Kimjongilia
Film Review on Kimjongilia Kimjongilia is a documentary film directed by Heikin which features the stories of escapees and survivors of prison camps in North Korean during the dictatorship regime led by Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-iI.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Film Review on Kimjongilia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is based on various interviews taken from residents of North Korea, people of all ages and status, who had survived the Kimââ¬â¢s leadership era in North Korea and was forced to leave their country due to difficult, repressive conditions there and settle in nearby states, such as China and South Korea. The escapees included prostitutes, a North Korean military, a piano performer, and a woman dancer. The film is mainly a story generated from interviews of residents who escaped dictatorship regime in North Korea between 1992 and 2006. Actually, the term ââ¬ËKimjongiliaââ¬â¢ is a flower which was created by a botanis t in Japan and named after the former ruler, Kim Jong-iI, to commemorate Japanese-Korean comradeship. The flower that is frequently referred to in the film symbolizes peace, justice, love, and wisdom. The documentary film focuses on the cruelty of the North Korean despotism and the hopeless status which the residents of North Korea, the people who experienced oppression and starvation every day, had. The movie also interviewed a victim and defector of the Kim era, Shin Dong-hyuk, who was born in camp 14 and narrates the tales of his unfavorable experiences at this maximum security camp established by Kim government. Most people who existed in this regime, like Shinââ¬â¢s parents, were killed in the camp, but Shin was lucky to survive long enough to break away eventually from this camp and settled in the neighboring country.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One excitin g story which is encountered in the movie was the way a former North Korean Army commander waited for around 10 years planning to run away from Kim regime due to the manner in which Kim regime was doing to his country. The commander eventually ran away through sailing a small boat 300 miles to Incheon as he avoids the governmentââ¬â¢s patrol which was guarding the sea. He was accompanied by his family members because he was worried that they may become separated if they attempt to defect through China. His effort to escape was successful and he is an honest detractor of the Kim government. He stated that when the Kim system ends, he would be prepared to return to North Korea immediately to support restructure his country. Through the information, assistance, interviews, and informative dance of North Korean outlandish representatives, which are provided by the film, the viewers are informed about the facts which they are already aware of. They are told that Kim Jong-iI, the dicta tor with black bouffant, was among the world cruelest dictators who were on the loose. He seemed to be insane and acquired a reputation of being a ruthless tyrant which will be passed on to the next generations. The director, Heikin, reflects her vision of the ââ¬ËDear Leaderââ¬â¢ in a creative and passionate way that changes unhappy facts into an entirely important realm. The film narrates about a woman who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in China and tells also about a boy who was taken to a camp at the age of nine since his grandfather had been found guilty for political crime. A woman who died due to fever was taken into China by her brother who was afterward murdered attempting to return to North Korea to provide food for his parents due to severe hunger which most people were experiencing in Kim regime.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Film Review on Kimjongilia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The fi lm also tells about a pianist who stated that he was forced to perform common tasks and surrender his music. The film exposed how Kim regime would target the whole family of defectors and penalize at least one member of that family at a time, including brothers, sisters, and at times more distant relatives. The film also talks about the way Kim Il-sung acquired the leadership in North Korea and inheritance of the power by his son Kim Jong-iI. The movie narrates an appealing story of humans heartbreaking and the way the entire country started suffering from almost every event and activities taken by the dictator. North Korea requested for international support because its citizens were experiencing severe hunger due to poor leadership. As North Koreans are experiencing unthinkably great sufferings, China barely obtains a status of state abiding human rights because of the way it handles escapees entering into the country. The movie shows that North Korean women are sold regularly int o white slavery and all the refugees face brutal torture. For example, Kim Cheol-woong talks about hours of torments to which Chinese officers subjected him. Some scenes are actually more frightening than some horror films ones. It is unbearable to watch huge population participating on a parade, raising the flags, singing and glorifying the leader whom nobody likes and everybody fears, but still keeps on praising. These scenes portray fear and horror which North Koreans are experiencing, and this is really scary to appear in such a situation. The shocking story from the documentary film does not only portray the expected horror of sufferings, killings, malnutrition and torture, but also shows the regular brainwashing which formed a superhuman personality cult of the countryââ¬â¢s rulers and keeps the whole country ignorant of the situation in the outside world. This is the situation which Heikin strengthens through the addition of alternative archival material, mainly the films of propaganda and recordings of the citizenship pageantry in the country.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The moviemaker provides several recordings of the interviews, but very little archival data of the North Korea itself. The viewers are left to figure out the conditions of the country, apart from the interviews which are represented in the film. Performance art reveals the emotions and reactions on the things narrated by the escapees and survivors in their stories. It was a very imaginative solution to this issue, and I admire the manner in which Heikin covers the identities of the victims of the North Korean regime. Some interviewees are frightened that the government may recognize them when talking about the conditions in the country and testifying against its leaders. The director uses effective methods to cover their identities. The extreme close-ups are applied throughout the film, thus tearful eyes, gasping mouth, and moving hands appear on the screen during their interviews. This approach is very effective in protecting identities of the subjects. The movie depicts a clear ca se of how people of the same nation and culture can have different views and behaviors and these bring about overwhelming outcomes. Some interviewees comment that if these conditions carry on for another ten years, the entire nation might collapse. I agree with their opinion because the situation in North Korea is really disastrous. Emphasized by Heikinââ¬â¢s devices, the horrors of life of both the survivors of the North Korean prison camps and the escapees prove this statement.
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